British, French, and German diplomats are in Damascus meeting with Syria’s new leadership. Germany brings with it “to create stability in the country, support reconstruction and enable the safe return of refugees,” Berlin’s Foreign Ministry announced Monday.
Official British reax: “We want to see a representative government, an inclusive government” in Syria, Foreign Secretary David Lammy said in a statement. “We want to see chemical weapons stockpiles secured, and not used, and we want to ensure that there is not continuing violence. For all of those reasons, using all the channels that we have available, and those are diplomatic and of course intelligence-led channels, we seek to deal with HTS where we have to,” said Lammy. The BBC has more.
For the first time in nearly 13 years, France raised its flag at the embassy in Damascus on Tuesday. However, according to Reuters, “French diplomats say they want to see how [the Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham] approaches the transition before making big decisions such as on sanctions, the lifting of the designation of HTS as a terrorist group and ultimately providing financial support for Syria.”
The U.S. has been in touch with Syria’s new leaders, State Secretary Antony Blinken said over the weekend during a trip to Jordan—just a few days after talks with Turkish officials in Ankara. And the European Union’s foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas said Monday that she’s sent a representative to Damascus to establish ties as well.
ICYMI: HTS’s leader has changed his name. It was Mohammed al-Golani
(alternate spellings include Jolani, Jawlani, and others). He has now reverted back to his birth name, which is Ahmed al-Shara. He spoke to the UK’s Times this week to share some of his requests for the wider Western world, including his insistence that the U.S. and others “lift all restrictions” (or sanctions) on Syria because “the flogger is gone now,” he said. “This issue is not up for negotiation,” he told the Times. He also wants HTS’s terrorist designation dropped. Read on, here.
Also: The EU just announced “An extra €1 billion for 2024 is on its way to support Türkiye’s efforts to host Syrian refugees,” EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said Tuesday from Ankara, adding, “Our economic relationship is growing stronger every year.”
Reminder: “Turkey is hosting nearly three million refugees who fled across the border in search of safety after the civil war began in 2011,” Agence France-Presse reports, and notes, “Ankara is hoping the shift in power in Damascus will allow many of them to return home.”
The U.S. military says it killed at least a dozen ISIS militants after a wave of airstrikes at unspecified “former Regime and Russian controlled areas” of Syria on Monday.
Official line: “The strikes against the ISIS leaders, operatives, and camps were conducted as part of the ongoing mission to disrupt, degrade, and defeat ISIS, preventing the terrorist group from conducting external operations and to ensure that ISIS does not seek opportunities to reconstitute in central Syria,” Central Command said in a statement Monday.
Worth noting: “ISIS has tripled its operational tempo in Syria compared to 2023 while expanding its geographic reach, increasing recruitment and attack scale and sophistication,” Charles Lister of the Middle East Institute wrote Monday.
But perhaps more urgently, if the U.S. can’t forge some kind of agreement with Turkey in the coming weeks, the U.S.-backed Syrian Democratic Forces’ “days will be numbered—and the U.S. will need to consider withdrawing from Syria,” Lister predicts.
A second opinion: “To reach a solid deal, the United States must abandon the limited SDF project for a wider perspective toward all of Syria,” Ömer Özkizilcik wrote for the Atlantic Council on Tuesday. “While Turkey has become the most influential foreign actor in Syria, the United States still maintains significant leverage over the international legitimacy of the new Syrian government and funding for the country’s reconstruction.”
The U.S. will likely need to present Turkey with some incentives for cooperation, Lister advises, with some of the more obvious options including F-35s or additional F-16 sales to Ankara, agreeing to help remove Kurdish YPG fighters from Syria’s border with Turkey, formally recognizing the new rebel leaders of Syria, among other possibilities. Read more in Lister’s recent op-ed published Sunday in the New York Times, here.
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