CNN - Russia’s use of a nuclear-capable missile is a clear departure from Cold War doctrine of deterrence Brad Lendon Analysis by Brad Lendon, CNN 4 minute read Published 2:54 AM EST, Fri November 22, 2024

Russia’s use of a nuclear-capable missile is a clear departure from Cold War doctrine of deterrence

Brad Lendon

Analysis by Brad Lendon, CNN

 4 minute read 

Published 2:54 AM EST, Fri November 22, 2024

CNN

 — 

Russia’s use of a nuclear-capable ballistic missile on Thursday is the latest escalation in the Ukraine war.

It also marks a decisive, and potentially dangerous moment in Moscow’s conflict with the West.

The use of what Vladimir Putin said was a ballistic missile with multiple warheads in offensive combat is a clear departure from decades of the Cold War doctrine of deterrence.

Ballistic missiles with multiple warheads, known as “multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles,” or MIRVs, have never been used to strike an enemy, experts say.

“To my knowledge, yes, it’s the first time MIRV has been used in combat,” Hans Kristensen, the director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists, said.

Aftermath of Russian missile strike in Dnipro, Ukraine, on November 21, 2024.

Aftermath of Russian missile strike in Dnipro, Ukraine, on November 21, 2024. Ukrinform/Cover Images/AP

Ballistic missiles have been the underpinning of deterrence, offering what is known as “mutual assured destruction,” or MAD, in the nuclear age.

The thinking is, if even a few missiles survive a nuclear first strike, there will be enough firepower left in the opponent’s arsenal to wipe out several major cities of the aggressor, therefore ensuring neither side is unable to escape the consequences of nuclear actions.

In that vein, ballistic missiles were designed to stand sentinel over a future where nuclear arms would never again be fired in anger.

But analysts, including Kristensen, argue that MIRVed missiles may invite, rather than deter, a first strike.

The highly destructive capacity of MIRVs means that they are both potential first-strike weapons and first-strike targets, Kristensen and colleague Matt Korda at the Federation of American Scientists wrote in a study published in March.

That’s because, it’s easier to destroy multiple warheads before they are launched, than try to shoot them down as they are dropping at hypersonic speed on their targets.

And according to a recent posting from the Union of Concerned Scientists, a US-based nonprofit science advocacy organization, this creates a “use them or lose them” type scenario — an incentive to strike first in a time of crisis. “Otherwise, a first strike attack that destroyed a country’s MIRVed missiles would disproportionately damage that country’s ability to retaliate,” said the posting.

Video appears to show the moment of impact of Russian strikes on Dnipro, Ukraine

00:20 - Source: CNN

Videos of Thursday’s Russian strike showed the multiple warheads falling at different angles on the target, and each warhead would need to be defeated with an anti-missile rocket, a daunting prospect even for the best air defense systems.

And while the warheads dropped on the Ukrainian city of Dnipro on Thursday were not nuclear, their use in conventional combat operations is certain to raise new uncertainty in a world already on edge.

Importantly, Russia alerted the United States to the use of the missile fired Thursday beforehand. But even with that advanced warning, any further launches by Putin’s regime will now inevitably ratchet up fears across Europe, with many asking the question: Has deterrence just died?

Hear Russian spokesperson ordered not to talk about strike on Ukraine

00:14 - Source: CNN

The world MIRVs

It is not only Russia and the United States that have MIRV technology. China has it on its intercontinental ballistic missiles, according to the Center for Arms Control and Non-proliferation, and the United Kingdom and France, along with Russia and the US, have long had MIRV technology on their submarine-launched ballistic missiles.

And there are new players in the MIRV game, too. Pakistan reportedly tested a missile with multiple warheads in 2017, and earlier this year India said it had successfully tested a MIRVed ICBM.

Analysts worry about land-based MIRVs more than those on subs. That’s because subs are stealthy and hard to detect. Land-based missiles, especially those in stationary silos, are more easily found and therefore are more tempting targets.

A long range ballistic Agni-V missile is displayed during Republic Day parade, in New Delhi, India, on January 26, 2013. Manish Swarup/AP

In their March report, Kristensen and Korda wrote about the perils of the expanding MIRV club, calling it “a sign of a larger worrisome trend in worldwide nuclear arsenals” and an “emerging nuclear arms race.”

September 15, 2023. India today successfully test fired for the second time it's long range nuclear capable Agni-5 missile that has a range of over 5000 kilometres. India now joins the select club of nations like United States, UK, Russia, France and China that have the capability to operate a missiles across continents, striking at will in Europe, Asia and Africa. The missile can carry a 1000 kg nuclear warhead and has three rocket motors and was launched from Wheeler Island in India. (Photo by Pallava Bagla/Corbis via Getty Images)

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India joins select group of nations able to fire multiple warheads on a single ICBM

India proclaimed MIRV success during a test the same month was just one warning sign, they wrote.

“It follows China’s deployment of MIRVs on some of its DF-5 ICBMs, Pakistan’s apparent pursuit of MIRVs for its Ababeel medium-range missile, North Korea may also be pursuing MIRV technology, and the United Kingdom has decided to increase its nuclear stockpile to enable it to deploy more warheads on its submarine-launched missiles,” Kristensen and Korda wrote.

They argue that more MIRV warheads in a r nge of county’s arsenals “would dramatically reduce crisis stability by incentivizing leaders to launch their nuclear weapons quickly in a crisis.”

“A world in which nearly all nuclear-armed countries deploy significant MIRV capability looks far more dangerous than our current geostrategic environment,” they said.

ange of county’s arsenals “would dramatically reduce crisis stability by incentivizing leaders to launch their nuclear weapons quickly in a crisis.”

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