Önder Özar Diplomasi Sevgisi: Was NATO Enlargement a Mistake? Uzmanlar ne diyor.

Foreign Affairs, NATO'nun genişlemesi hata mıydı? sorusunu uzmanlara yöneltti. Yanıtlar aşağıda, kesnlikle karşıyım, karşıyım, nötr, uygun buluyorum, kesinlikle uygun şıklarına göre.

Was NATO Enlargement a Mistake?

Foreign Affairs Asks the Experts

April 19, 2022

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https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ask-the-experts/2022-04-19/was-nato-enlargement-mistake

We at Foreign Affairs have recently published a number of pieces on NATO, the decision to proceed with its enlargement, and its impact on European and global security. To complement these articles, we decided to ask a broad pool of experts for their take. As with previous surveys, we approached dozens of authorities with specialized expertise relevant to the question at hand, together with leading generalists in the field. Participants were asked to state whether they agreed or disagreed with a proposition and to rate their confidence level in their opinion. Their answers are below.

DEBATE STATEMENT

Proceeding with NATO enlargement after the end of the Cold War was a strategic mistake.

HIGH

CONFIDENCE LEVEL

LOW

STRONGLY DISAGREE

DISAGREE

NEUTRAL

AGREE

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Alex Pravda

Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford School of Global and Area Studies

Alex

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Christopher Preble

Co-Director of the New American Engagement Initiative at the Atlantic Council

Christopher

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Joshua Shifrinson

Associate Professor of International Relations at Boston University

Joshua

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Rajan Menon

Director of the Grand Strategy Program at Defense Priorities; Anne and Bernard Spitzer Chair Emeritus in International Relations at the Powell School, City College of New York/City University of New York

Rajan

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Richard K. Betts

Leo A. Shifrin Professor of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University; Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations

Richard K.5

NEUTRAL, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Alexander Cooley

Claire Tow Professor of Political Science at Barnard College at Columbia University

Alexander

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Alexander Vershbow

Distinguished Fellow at the Atlantic Council; former Deputy Secretary General of NATO; former U.S. Ambassador to Russia

Alexander

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Alina Polyakova

President and CEO of the Center for European Policy Analysis

Alina

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Anne de Tinguy

Professor Emeritus at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures in France

Anne

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Barry Pavel

Senior Vice President and Director of the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council

Barry

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Charly Salonius-Pasternak

Research Fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs

Charly

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Constanze Stelzenmüller

Fritz Stern Chair on Germany and Trans-Atlantic Relations at the Brookings Institution

Constanze

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Cristina Florea

Assistant Professor of History at Cornell University

Cristina

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Daniel Fried

Distinguished Fellow at the Atlantic Council

Daniel

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Ivo Daalder

President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs

Ivo

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

James Goldgeier

Visiting Scholar at the Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation

James

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Jorge Benitez

Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council

Jorge

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Judy Dempsey

Editor of Strategic Europe; Nonresident Senior Fellow at Carnegie Europe

Judy

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Liana Fix

Program Director for International Affairs at Körber-Stiftung

Liana

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Lukasz Kulesa

Deputy Head of Research at the Polish Institute of International Affairs

Lukasz14

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Andrei Kolesnikov

Senior Fellow and Chair of the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center

Andrei

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Christopher S. Chivvis

Senior Fellow and Director of the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment

Christopher S.

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Cynthia Roberts

Professor at Hunter College, CUNY; Senior Research Scholar at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University

Cynthia

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Francis J. Gavin

Giovanni Agnelli Distinguished Professor and Director of the Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University

Francis J.

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Kimberly Marten

Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University

Kimberly

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Kiron Skinner

Taube Professor of International Relations and Politics at Carnegie Mellon University

Kiron

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Rachel Rizzo

Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Europe Center at the Atlantic Council

Rachel

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Roy Allison

Director of the Russian and Eurasian Studies Centre at Oxford University

Roy

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Stephen Sestanovich

Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Diplomacy at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs; Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations

Stephen

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Steven Pifer

Adjunct Professor and William J. Perry Fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University

Steven10

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 1

Andrew Bacevich

President of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft

Andrew

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

John J. Mearsheimer

R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago

John J.

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Michael Mandelbaum

Professor Emeritus at the School for Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins

Michael

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Nadezhda Arbatova

Professor and Head of the Department for European Political Studies at the Primakov Institute for World Economy and International Relations at the Russian Academy of Sciences

Nadezhda4

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Anne-Marie Slaughter

CEO of New America

Anne-Marie

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Elizabeth Borgwardt

Associate Professor of History and Law at Washington University in St. Louis; Co-Editor of Rethinking American Grand Strategy

Elizabeth

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Stephen Biddle

Professor of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University; Adjunct Senior Fellow for Defense Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations

Stephen

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Stephen Wertheim

Senior Fellow in the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Stephen4

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Anton Grizold

Professor and Chair of Defence Studies at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia

Anton

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Benjamin Haddad

Senior Director of the Europe Center at the Atlantic Council

Benjamin

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Danielle Piatkiewicz

Research Fellow at the EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy

Danielle

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Janine Davidson

President of Metropolitan State University of Denver

Janine

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Marek Madej

Assistant Professor of International Relations at the University of Warsaw

Marek

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Rose Gottemoeller

Steven C. Házy Lecturer at Stanford University’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and its Center for International Security and Cooperation; Former Deputy Secretary General of NATO

Rose5

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Charles Kupchan

Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations; Professor of International Affairs at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University

Charles

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Stephen Walt

Professor of International Affairs at Harvard University

Stephen2

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Chris Miller

Assistant Professor at the Fletcher School at Tufts University

Chris

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Maria Snegovaya

Postdoctoral Fellow in Political Science at Virginia Tech University; Visiting Scholar at the Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies at George Washington University; Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security

Maria2

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 1

Daniel Nexon

Professor at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University

Daniel

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 6

Daniel Treisman

Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles

Daniel

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Emma Ashford

Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council

Emma

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Melvyn P. Leffler

Professor Emeritus at the University of Virginia

Melvyn P.

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Sergey Radchenko

Wilson E. Schmidt Distinguished Professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies

Sergey3

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Jana Puglierin

Senior Policy Fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations

Jana

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Maria Popova

Jean Monnet Chair and Associate Professor of Political Science at McGill University

Maria

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Samuel Charap

Senior Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation

Samuel3

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Joseph S. Nye Jr.

Harvard University Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus and former Dean of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government

Joseph S.

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 6

Matt Duss

Foreign Policy Adviser to U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders

Matt

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 6

Nathalie Tocci

Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali in Italy

Nathalie2

NEUTRAL, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Michael Kimmage

Professor of History at the Catholic University of America

Michael

NEUTRAL, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 5

Stacie Goddard

Mildred Lane Kemper Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College

Stacie

Alex Pravda

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford School of Global and Area Studies

Winding up NATO in 1992–93 and creating a new Euro-Atlantic security organization with the United States and Russia as the...

Alexander Cooley

NEUTRAL, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Claire Tow Professor of Political Science at Barnard College at Columbia University

The debate over the origins of contemporary Russian insecurity and militarism usually pits those who blame the expansion of NATO...

Alexander Vershbow

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Distinguished Fellow at the Atlantic Council; former Deputy Secretary General of NATO; former U.S. Ambassador to Russia

Enlargement consolidated security and democracy in central and eastern Europe and rectified the injustice of Yalta....

Alina Polyakova

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

President and CEO of the Center for European Policy Analysis

NATO membership is the only reason that the Baltic states and other members in central and eastern Europe have not...

Andrei Kolesnikov

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Senior Fellow and Chair of the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center

NATO’s eastward expansion has never threatened Russia. For the countries of eastern Europe, it was the gaining of a European...

Andrew Bacevich

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

President of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft

Anne de Tinguy

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Professor Emeritus at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Cultures in France

Anne-Marie Slaughter

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

CEO of New America

Expanding NATO was a strategic mistake with regard to our relations with Russia. But it was the right thing to...

Anton Grizold

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Professor and Chair of Defence Studies at the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia

Barry Pavel

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Senior Vice President and Director of the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council

NATO enlargement was a process through which like-minded states who shared the values of alliance members and met certain criteria...

Benjamin Haddad

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Senior Director of the Europe Center at the Atlantic Council

Charles Kupchan

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations; Professor of International Affairs at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University

It was a cardinal error to expand NATO and proceed with the construction of a post–Cold War security order that...

Charly Salonius-Pasternak

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Research Fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs

Chris Miller

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Assistant Professor at the Fletcher School at Tufts University

The provision of peace and stability across most of central and eastern Europe was a historic accomplishment and something that...

Christopher Preble

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Co-Director of the New American Engagement Initiative at the Atlantic Council

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union should have precipitated a shift to a...

Christopher S. Chivvis

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Senior Fellow and Director of the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment

NATO enlargement was the best option for managing the post–Cold War European security environment as it emerged in the 1990s,...

Constanze Stelzenmüller

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Fritz Stern Chair on Germany and Trans-Atlantic Relations at the Brookings Institution

Cristina Florea

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Assistant Professor of History at Cornell University

Cynthia Roberts

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Professor at Hunter College, CUNY; Senior Research Scholar at the Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University

I stand by my prewar assessment that NATO enlargement helped anchor central and eastern European countries after the end of...

Daniel Fried

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Distinguished Fellow at the Atlantic Council

I was one of the architects of that policy during the Clinton and Bush administrations...

Daniel Nexon

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 1

Professor at the Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University

What would the world look like without NATO enlargement? Maybe the Visegrád alliance and the Collective Security Treaty Organization would...

Daniel Treisman

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 6

Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles

The mistake was not so much expanding NATO per se as failing to include Russia in a serious way in...

Danielle Piatkiewicz

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Research Fellow at the EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy

Elizabeth Borgwardt

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Associate Professor of History and Law at Washington University in St. Louis; Co-Editor of Rethinking American Grand Strategy

Emma Ashford

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council

From the point of view of the United States—and of existing NATO member states—the post–Cold War expansion of NATO was...

Francis J. Gavin

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Giovanni Agnelli Distinguished Professor and Director of the Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs at the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University

When assessing a policy, it is important to evaluate plausible counterfactuals. Without NATO expansion, a dangerous power vacuum could have...

Ivo Daalder

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs

NATO enlargement met the aspirations of peoples who had escaped from the yoke of Soviet domination to be free and...

Jana Puglierin

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Senior Policy Fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations

The eastward expansion of NATO (and the EU) has stabilized and democratized central and eastern Europe....

Janine Davidson

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

President of Metropolitan State University of Denver

I used to wonder a bit about this question. But it seems clear now that the warnings we repeatedly received...

James Goldgeier

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Visiting Scholar at the Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation

As Russia has carried out its unprovoked and brutal war against Ukraine, it should be even more clear how important...

John J. Mearsheimer

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago

Jorge Benitez

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council

Allowing 14 former communist countries and East Germany into NATO was a strategic and moral success. The alliance did the...

Joseph S. Nye Jr.

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Harvard University Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus and former Dean of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government

Joshua Shifrinson

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Associate Professor of International Relations at Boston University

Not only were there alternatives to NATO expansion if the U.S. objectives were to project power, minimize future Russian aggression,...

Judy Dempsey

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Editor of Strategic Europe; Nonresident Senior Fellow at Carnegie Europe

Kimberly Marten

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University

NATO enlargement helped bring a measure of stability and hope to central Europe at a time of great uncertainty in...

Kiron Skinner

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Taube Professor of International Relations and Politics at Carnegie Mellon University

Liana Fix

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Program Director for International Affairs at Körber-Stiftung

Lukasz Kulesa

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Deputy Head of Research at the Polish Institute of International Affairs

Russian aggression against Ukraine confirms—in a tragic way—the wisdom of NATO enlargement and of covering most of the countries in...

Marek Madej

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Assistant Professor of International Relations at the University of Warsaw

I am a citizen of Poland—a country that joined the alliance in 1999 and was a beneficiary of the process...

Maria Popova

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Jean Monnet Chair and Associate Professor of Political Science at McGill University

NATO enlargement is a major contribution to European security, rather than a mistake. It has aided eastern European states’ democratic...

Maria Snegovaya

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

NATO enlargement is a fake pretext to excuse Russian aggression against its neighbors. This argument does not comply with the...

Matt Duss

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 6

Foreign Policy Adviser to U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders

Collective security is an important principle, especially in a deeply interconnected world. Military alliances such as NATO are important instruments...

Melvyn P. Leffler

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Professor Emeritus at the University of Virginia

Michael Kimmage

NEUTRAL, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Professor of History at the Catholic University of America

NATO enlargement after the end of the Cold War conferred many blessings on Europe; it gave peace and security to...

Michael Mandelbaum

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Professor Emeritus at the School for Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins

NATO expansion transformed Russian attitudes from pro-Western to anti-Western, thereby creating the political context that Putin has exploited to conduct...

Nadezhda Arbatova

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 10

Professor and Head of the Department for European Political Studies at the Primakov Institute for World Economy and International Relations at the Russian Academy of Sciences

The tragedy that is happening in Ukraine is unprecedented in the modern history of Europe. As much as Russia is...

Nathalie Tocci

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 6

Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali in Italy

I used to think NATO enlargement was probably a mistake, and that more could have been done to take Russia's...

Rachel Rizzo

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Europe Center at the Atlantic Council

The answer to this question depends on what round of NATO expansion we’re discussing. I believe the 2008 promise that...

Rajan Menon

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Richard K. Betts

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Leo A. Shifrin Professor of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University; Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations

Unwise to kick Russia when it was down when we should have known it would be back....

Rose Gottemoeller

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

We made our best efforts to make sure Russia remained a partner in European security. Russia, or maybe Putin, in...

Roy Allison

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Director of the Russian and Eurasian Studies Centre at Oxford University

Russia’s political trajectory from 1996 onward meant that central and east European countries and the Baltic states, with their historical...

Samuel Charap

STRONGLY DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Senior Political Scientist at the RAND Corporation

Sergey Radchenko

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Wilson E. Schmidt Distinguished Professor at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies

The biggest failure of the post–Cold War order was the failure to anchor Russia in the West. This was first...

Stacie Goddard

NEUTRAL, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 5

Mildred Lane Kemper Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College

If we are going to say that a decision was a strategic mistake, then we need to think about the...

Stephen Biddle

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Professor of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University; Adjunct Senior Fellow for Defense Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations

Stephen Sestanovich

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Diplomacy at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs; Senior Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations

It would have been a mistake if it had been the only element of policy toward Russia, but it wasn’t....

Stephen Walt

STRONGLY AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 9

Professor of International Affairs at Harvard University

Stephen Wertheim

AGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 7

Senior Fellow in the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

A Europe whole, free, and at peace was the right vision for what should have followed the Cold War. NATO...

Steven Pifer

DISAGREE, CONFIDENCE LEVEL 8

Adjunct Professor and William J. Perry Fellow a

Önder Özar Diplomasi Sevgisi

Friday, April 22, 2022

Was NATO Enlargement a Mistake? Uzmanlar ne diyor.

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